Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model

Abstract This study assessed the protective effect of citrus flavanone, naringin (Nar), and its nanoformulation against di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) toxicity in albino rats. Keeping green nanotechnology as cornerstone, nanoparticles Nar were synthesized characterized using electron microscopy (transmission scanning microscopy), particle size distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The primarily spherical with an average 109 nm a low polydispersity index 0.175. Mature male rats used for exposure study. Group I was negative control. Groups II, III, IV exposed to (250 mg·kg b·wt −1 ) DEHP 3 weeks. III treated bulk (5 ), group non-naringin (NNar) ). V only NNar. Exposure significantly enhanced serum levels pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β, 6, 8 (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). In addition, repression hepatic mRNA expression nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related 2 also observed. marked histopathological alterations observed renal tissues. Treatment both NNar alleviated DEHP-induced oxidative stress/inflammatory response along associated histological alterations. However, therapeutic utility more profound underlining potential nutraceutical therapeutics high credentials.